revolutionary leaders in america

[106], John Locke's (1632–1704) ideas on liberty influenced the political thinking behind the revolution, especially through his indirect influence on English writers such as John Trenchard, Thomas Gordon, and Benjamin Hoadly, whose political ideas had a strong influence on the American Patriots. [151] Loyalists who left the South in 1783 took thousands of their slaves with them as they fled to British colonies in the West Indies.[150]. Many succumbed to various diseases, but Britain took the survivors to Canada as free men. In May 1776, Congress voted to suppress all forms of crown authority, to be replaced by locally created authority. Stationing a standing army in Great Britain during peacetime was politically unacceptable, so the decision was made to station them in America and have the Americans pay them. [91][92] Another was to delay actual payments, pay soldiers and suppliers in depreciated currency, and promise that it would be made good after the war. Mercy Otis Warren held meetings in her house and cleverly attacked Loyalists with her creative plays and histories. According to British historian Jeremy Black, the British had significant advantages, including a highly trained army, the world's largest navy, and an efficient system of public finance that could easily fund the war. [49], Following the Battle of Bunker Hill in June 1775, the Patriots had control of Massachusetts outside the Boston city limits, and the Loyalists suddenly found themselves on the defensive with no protection from the British army. More than 1,200 of the Black Loyalists of Nova Scotia later resettled in the British colony of Sierra Leone, where they became leaders of the Krio ethnic group of Freetown and the later national government. However, the national government had no money either to pay the war debts owed to European nations and the private banks, or to pay Americans who had been given millions of dollars of promissory notes for supplies during the war.

There will be no end of it. [11][12] Colonial governments reasserted their control after the revolt, and successive governments made no more attempts to restore the Dominion. Finally, a combined American and French force captured a second British army at Yorktown in the fall of 1781, effectively ending the war. Rather than move north to support Burgoyne, the British army in New York City went to Philadelphia in a major case of mis-coordination, capturing it from Washington. They made New York their main political and military base of operations, holding it until November 1783. The Patriots laid siege to Boston, expelled royal officials from all the colonies, and took control through the establishment of Provincial Congresses. Brunsman, Denver, and David J Silverman, eds. Palmer, (1959); Greene and Pole (1994) chapters 49–52. The example of the first successful revolution against a European empire, and the first successful establishment of a republican form of democratically elected government, provided a model for many other colonial peoples who realized that they too could break away and become self-governing nations with directly elected representative government. [190][191] This view argues that any significant gain of the revolution was irrelevant in the short term to women, black Americans and slaves, poor white men, youth, and native Americans.[192][193]. By contrast, the British army was a reliable steady force of professionals. The decision was to keep them on active duty with full pay, but they had to be stationed somewhere. The taxes severely damaged the New England economy and resulted in a surge of smuggling, bribery, and intimidation of customs officials.

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