attribution conventions definition

If, however, the story is heavy with opinion or unreliable statements, you should attribute at least once every two sentences. My partner, Jakob Nielsen, has long argued that you can get these data at a discount: three to five people will give you enough for most purposes (Nielsen, 1993, 1994). Ms Mar said: "Students can expect no special treatment if they go on strike.". by convention By convention the deputy leader was always a woman. How do you know if the user shares the conventions? One of the greatest dangers facing young journalists is accepting what people say as the truth. The phrase "according to" can be used in attributing reported speech, but do not use it more than once with any single speaker.

Nielsen, J. And every time you change speaker (attribution) in a story you should tell your reader or listener up front who is now going to speak, in either quotes or reported speech. Attributing a statement to someone is no defence in a claim for defamation. In a moment we will discuss when you need to use attribution. Terminals are endpoints in a syntax definition. So although the word implies voluntary choice, the reality is that they are real constraints upon our behavior.

; Convention demands that a club member should resign in such a situation. If you attribute the words to the person who said them, you do not have to prove or disprove the truth of their words; you simply report them. Compare the two examples.

But they need to be real people, doing real activities. indicates an optional expression enclosed in braces. Moreover, affordances, both real and perceived, play very different roles in physical products than they do in the world of screen-based products. There are other, more obvious danger words to avoid. The cursor shape is visual information: it is a learned convention. Now if we locked the mouse button when the wrong cursor appeared, that would be a real affordance, although somewhat ponderous. Who is going to argue?
Usability engineering. Cultural constraints are conventions shared by a cultural group. If you do not attribute an opinion to an individual, your audience will assume that it is your own opinion - and there is no excuse for that kind of confusion in a news story. The affordance exists independently of what is visible on the screen. The word "arbitrary" does not mean that any random depiction would do equally well: the current choice is an intelligent fit to human cognition, but there are alternative methods that work equally well. Sure, you can click on the object, but you can click anywhere. The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception. Thus, if the students do get a second chance, you can say to your critics: "We didn't say it, Ms Mar did.". And the presence of feedback can dramatically affect the usability and understandability of a system, but quite independently of the affordances or their visibility. The syntax conventions use different font attributes for different components of the syntax. Also, people judge what is said by the person who says it.

It is how the user knows to scroll down and see the rest of the page. You can, for example, point out that the world is round, but you cannot point out that this cake is delicious, because that is an opinion. Physical constraints make some actions impossible: there is no way to ignore them. Although it is usually a neutral term, not suggesting either belief or disbelief, if you use it too often it can give the impression that you doubt the information the speaker has given. Name (attribute) speakers BEFORE the first time they are quoted or when you change who is being quoted.

The power of constraints has largely been ignored. They exist naturally: they do not have to be visible, known, or desirable. My struggles with British water taps, light switches, and doors propelled me to write "The Psychology of Everyday Things" (POET: Norman, 1988).


It is how users know when they have finished a task. This applies too for reported speech. Attributing the information has added extra weight to them. Those displays are not affordances: they are visual feedback that advertise the affordances: they are the perceived affordances.

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